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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00268_Text_ref12t.txt
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1997-02-04
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A very important principle is
implicit in the foregoing
discussion. When experience
affects perception, it does not
do so by molding the stimulus to
conform to how things were
seen in the past. It is not
entirely a top-down process.
Rather, in the cases we
considered, such as the
perception of fragmented
figures, something was first
perceived bottom-up, on the
basis of certain principles of
organization and without
recourse to experience. Once
that initial perception
occurred, if what was seen was
similar in some respect to
objects seen in the past, those
memories were accessed and
they played a role in the
further processing of the
stimulus input. A useful term to
characterize effects of this
kind is enrichment. The
perception is enriched by,
though not entirely determined
by, memories of earlier
perceptual experience. Another
way of describing these effects
is to divide up the processing of
the stimulus into stages. In the
first stage, the stimulus is
organized in accordance with
various principles such as the
Gestalt psychologists uncovered
and the principles of uniform
connectedness described
earlier. In a further stage, the
shape of units that are
segregated and organized as the
figure is described. In many
cases, the process ends there,
because the observer does not
know that an alternative exists
and is not searching for one.
But if a search does take place,
or if the organized stimulus is
sufficiently similar to certain
stored memories, then a final
stage occurs. In this stage, the
memory content is accessed
and is woven into the final
percept so as to enrich it.